Introduction
Language is a powerful tool that reflects societal norms and values, particularly when it comes to gender. English, deeply rooted in binary constructs, traditionally assigns he/him or she/her pronouns based on perceived gender. This phenomenon creates significant challenges for people who identify as non-binary—such as third genders, two-spirited individuals, hijras, and others—when speaking in English and many other binary-based languages.

As awareness of gender diversity expands, there is a growing call for inclusive language practices. In recent decades, people in the West have introduced “they/them” as pronouns for non-binary individuals. While this usage is slowly gaining acceptance, it is often mocked and ridiculed on social media. In the early 2000s, many non-binary individuals used pronouns like “ze/hir,” championed by gender activists like Kate Bornstein and Leslie Feinberg.

In 2017, The Associated Press Stylebook updated its guidelines to include the use of “they” as a non-binary singular pronoun, though it still encourages writers to avoid this usage and to use a person’s name instead. Despite recognizing that gender is not binary, the Stylebook does not support gender-neutral pronouns such as “ze.”

This essay explores global perspectives on gender-neutral pronouns, the challenges posed by English hegemony, and advocates for a more inclusive linguistic landscape.

Cultural Perspectives on Gender

Cultural perceptions and categorizations of gender vary widely across the globe. Non-Western societies often recognize genders beyond the binary. For example, in Nepal and South Asia, the concept of “third gender” acknowledges individuals who exist outside traditional man and woman gender roles. Similar concepts exist among Native Hawaiians, Diné (Navajo) Native Americans, and various other cultures worldwide, each offering unique understandings of gender that challenge Western binary norms.

The Evolution of English Pronouns

Historically, English pronouns have reflected a binary understanding of gender. Recently, there has been a notable push to adopt gender-neutral pronouns like singular “they.” However, resistance persists due to linguistic tradition and the global dominance of English. This resistance contrasts sharply with indigenous languages that have long incorporated gender-neutral or inclusive pronouns, suggesting viable alternatives to English norms.

The Global Linguistic Landscape

Languages worldwide offer diverse approaches to gender inclusivity. Nepali, Thai, Filipino, Burmese, and many indigenous languages feature gender-neutral pronouns. For instance, Nepali uses “उ” (u) and “उनी” (unī) among others, showcasing linguistic alternatives that English could adopt to enrich its gender discourse. Such diversity challenges the imposition of English norms and fosters respect for global linguistic diversity.

A Personal Encounter with Pronouns

Early last year, a reputed US-based LGBTI rights organization visited Nepal to get updates on gender and sexual minority rights. During introductions, each member shared their pronouns—he/him, she/her, or they/them. When asked about my pronouns, I explained that in Nepali and many other indigenous languages, pronouns are either gender-neutral or gender-inclusive. This makes the explicit declaration of pronouns unnecessary in our context. I suggested that instead of imposing the singular “they/them” for non-binary individuals, English could adopt pronouns from other languages, enriching its inclusivity and reflecting diverse cultural perspectives. Then I said, “So, my pronoun is ‘U,’ which can be used by everyone for anyone as a pronoun in Nepali language.”`

Why Not Adopt from Other Languages?

Incorporating non-binary pronouns from diverse languages into English could mitigate limitations imposed by its binary system. Terms like “u” from Nepali or equivalents from other languages could enhance inclusivity and broaden English’s capacity to accurately represent gender diversity. This approach not only enriches language but also supports global solidarity by valuing diverse cultural perspectives.

English Hegemony and Linguistic Imperialism

The global dominance of English often marginalizes indigenous languages and perpetuates linguistic imperialism. By adopting inclusive pronouns from other languages, English speakers can mitigate linguistic hegemony and promote cultural respect. This shift acknowledges that language shapes perceptions and attitudes, influencing societal acceptance of gender diversity worldwide.

A Path Forward

Creating a more inclusive linguistic future requires integrating global perspectives into discussions on gender-neutral pronouns in English. Learning from languages with established gender inclusivity can inform English discourse and promote a more equitable representation of gender identities. By embracing linguistic diversity, English can evolve into a language that respects and reflects the full spectrum of human identity.

Non-binary greetings: Instead of saying “ladies” and “gentlemen” to a group of people, try to incorporate language that isn’t gendered, like “friends,” “distinguished guests,” or “respected people,” into your vocabulary.

Embracing non-binary and gender-neutral pronouns from diverse linguistic backgrounds offers a pathway to a more inclusive English language. By challenging traditional norms and embracing global perspectives on gender, English can evolve into a more respectful and representative language. This evolution supports broader societal acceptance of gender diversity and fosters cross-cultural solidarity.

Sunil Babu Pant

First openly Gay member of parliament in Asia from Nepal.